什么是帖木儿

Timur，亦作Tamerlane或Tamburlaine。

信仰伊斯兰教的土耳其征服者，曾征服由印度、俄罗斯到地中海地区领域。帖木儿生於撒马尔罕附近，加入成吉思汗儿子察合台的战役後，居住於河间地带（今乌兹别克）。後来其使用诡计，接管了河间地带地区，并宣布自己是蒙古帝国的重建者。1330年代他开始征服波斯，并於1383～1385年期间占领呼罗珊和波斯东部。1386～1394年期间，波斯西部、美索不达米亚和乔治亚也被其征服。後他又用一年时间占领了莫斯科。後波斯爆发起义，他对此进行了残酷的镇压，并屠杀了全城的居民。1398年他又入侵印度，并一路杀戮，血流成河。接下来，他有进军大马士革和巴格达，将大马士革的技工派往撒马尔罕，并摧毁巴格达所有纪念建筑。1404年他又准备入侵中国，但却提前在三月死去。尽管帖木儿试图使撒马尔罕成为亚洲最壮丽的城市，但是他还是愿意不断地出征作战。他最永久的纪念物是撒马尔罕及其王朝的建筑纪念碑，那时撒马尔罕是一个学术和科学中心。

1336～1405年

Timur

orTamburlaineTurkic conqueror of Islamic faith whose conquests reached from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea. Born near samarqand, he settled in Transoxania (modern Uzbekistan) after taking part in campaigns there with Genghis Khan's son Chagatai. (Timur Lenk, or Tamerlane, means “Timur the Lame,” reflecting the battle wounds he received.) Through machinations and treachery he took over Transoxania and proclaimed himself the restorer of the Mongol empire. In the 1380s he began his conquest of Persia, taking Khorasan and eastern Persia in 1383-85 and western Persia as far as Mesopotamia and Georgia in 1386-94. He occupied Moscow for a year. When revolts broke out in Persia, he ruthlessly suppressed them, massacring the populations of whole cities. In 1398 he invaded India, leaving a trail of carnage. Next he marched on Damascus and Baghdad, deporting the artisans of the former to Samarkand and destroying all the monuments of the latter. In 1404 he prepared to march on China but died early in the march. Though Timur strove to make Samarkand the most splendid city in Asia, he himself preferred to be always on the move. His most lasting memorials are the architectural monuments of Samarkand and the dynasty he established, under which Samarkand became a center of scholarship and science.