什么是莱特

Wright, Frank Lloyd

美国建筑师。在威斯康辛大学短期学习工程。曾在阿德勒和沙利文的建筑事务所工作。1893年，开设了他自己的建筑事务所。莱特是「草原学派」的主要实践者。在1900～1910年间，建造了约五十所草原式住宅。早期的非住建筑物包括纽约州水牛城市的拉金公司（1904，1950年拆毁）和伊利诺州橡园的统一寺（1906）。1911年开始建造自己的住宅，命名塔里辛。舒适豪华的东京的帝国饭店（1915～1922年建，1967年拆除）。由於采用革命性的浮动悬臂构造，它是能够安全挺过1923年东京大地震的仅有几个大建筑物之一。1930年代，构筑低造价「乌孙式」住宅，所建造的「落水山庄」的住宅完全大胆地用悬臂挑在一个瀑布的上方，是莱特最受人称赞的作品，约翰逊制蜡厂（1936～1939）。为现代建筑中最优美的办公厅之一。此後，各类建筑的委托任务从世界各地涌至莱特事务所，其中包括古根汉美术馆。莱特常被认为是美国最伟大的建筑师，他以创造和阐述「有机建筑」而着名，此词系指与居住者和与周围环境和谐一致的建筑物。

1867～1959年

Wright, Frank Lloyd

U.S. architect. Born in Richland Center, Wis., he studied engineering briefly at the University of Wisconsin. He worked for the firm of Dankmar Adler (1844-1900) and Louis Sullivan before opening his own Chicago practice in 1893. Wright became the chief practitioner of the Prairie school, building about 50 Prairie houses from 1900 to 1910. Early nonresidential buildings included the forward-looking Larkin Building in Buffalo, N.Y. (1904; destroyed 1950), and Unity Temple in Oak Park, Ill. (1906). In 1911 he began work on his own house, Taliesin. The lavish Imperial Hotel in Tokyo (1915-22, dismantled 1967) was significant for its revolutionary floating cantilever construction, which made it one of the only large buildings to withstand the earthquake of 1923. In the 1930s he designed his low-cost Usonian houses, but his most admired house, Fallingwater, in Bear Run, Pa. (1936), was an extravagant country retreat cantilevered over a waterfall. His Johnson Wax Building (1936-39), an example of humane workplace design, touched off an avalanche of major commissions, including the Guggenheim Museum. Often considered the greatest U.S. architect, Wright became famous for “organic architecture,” buildings that harmonize both with their inhabitants and their environment.