什么是拉伯雷

Rabelais, Fran?ois

法国作家和教士。初习法律，受神职为方济会教士。後来由於一场争论而转入本笃会。1530年离开本笃会习医，成为他以後毕生从事的专业。他是位重要的人文主义学者，翻译发表了希波克拉提斯和加伦的着作。他的名声主要来自五部喜剧小说（其中一部的作者尚有怀疑），合称《卡冈都亚和庞大固埃》，包括经典杰作《庞大固埃》（1532）和《卡冈都亚》（1534），还有《第三本书》（1546），是他最着名的作品。这些作品的用词赏心悦目，是讲故事的高手。与以前任何法国作品不同，他将学术、文学和科学的模仿拼凑在一起而表现出很深的人文主义精神。由於这些作品的讽刺性内容以及粗俗的幽默而遭到民间和教会当局的禁止，然而在欧洲仍被广泛阅读。因其医生的职业，使他受到许多有势力的人的保护而获得自由。

1494年～1553年

Rabelais, Fran?ois

French writer and priest. After apparently studying law, he took holy orders as a Franciscan, but later, because of a dispute, removed to a Benedictine house. In 1530 he left the Benedictines to study medicine, a profession he would follow the rest of his life. He became a significant humanist scholar, publishing translations of Hippocrates and Galen. His fame rests on the five comic novels (one of doubtful authenticity) known collectively as Gargantua and Pantagruel, including the masterpieces Pantagruel (1532) and Gargantua (1534) as well as Le tiers livre (1546; “The Third Book”), his most profound work. These works display a delight in words, a mastery of storytelling, and deep humanist learning in a mosaic of scholarly, literary, and scientific parody that is unlike any previous work in French. They were banned by civil and church authorities for their satirical content and earthy humor, but were nevertheless read throughout Europe. Throughout his career, Rabelais owed his freedom to the protection of powerful patrons.