什么是鲁登道夫

Ludendorff, Erich

德国将军。1908年他加入德国陆军总参谋部，在毛奇领导下参与修正施利芬计画。在第一次世界大战中，被任命为兴登堡的参谋长，在坦能堡战役中两人赢得了辉煌的胜利。1916年这两位将军被授予最高军事控制权。他们调动大後方全部力量试图作总体战。1917年鲁登道夫批准对英国发动无限制的潜艇战，结果导致美国也参战。1918年他对西线的进攻失利，要求停战，但当他了解到停战协定条件的严酷性後，就又继续作战。政治领袖们反对他，鲁登道夫因而辞职。他坚信自己是被出卖了，以後的二十年里他过着古怪的生活，变成反革命政治运动的领袖，曾参与1920年的卡普暴动和1923年的啤酒店暴动。後来以国家社会党人当选国会议员（1924～1928），并发展出一种理念，认为是「超民族力量」（犹太人、基督教和自由共济会）剥夺了他以及德国在第一次世界大战中的胜利。

1865～1937年

Ludendorff, Erich

German general. In 1908 he joined the German army general staff and worked under Helmuth von Moltke in revising the Schlieffen Plan. In World War I he was appointed chief of staff to Paul von Hindenburg, and the two won a spectacular victory at the Battle of Tannenberg. In 1916 the two generals were given supreme military control. They tried to conduct a total war by mobilizing the entire forces of the home front, and in 1917 Ludendorff approved unrestricted submarine warfare against the British, which led to the U.S.'s entry into the war. In 1918 his offensive on the Western Front failed and he demanded an armistice, but then insisted the war continue when he realized the severity of the Armistice conditions. Political leaders opposed him, and he resigned his post. Ludendorff insisted he had been betrayed, and for the next 20 years led a bizarre life, becoming a leader of reactionary political movements and taking part in the Kapp Putsch (1920) and Beer Hall Putsch (1923). He served in Parliament as a National Socialist (1924-28) and developed a belief that “supernational powers”—Jewry, Christianity, Freemasonry—had deprived him and Germany of victory in World War I.